基于轮径差函数的曲线钢轨打磨廓形设计

为改善打磨质量,提高打磨后车辆运行品质,提出了一种基于直接反推方法的铁路钢轨打磨廓形的设计方法,该方法以优化打磨后的轮径差函数为核心目标,以预期的轮轨接触分布为设计边界条件,实现了通过设计轮径差函数直接反推钢轨打磨廓形的算法设计,并经编制的算法程序校验了该方法的可行性.该方法既可针对两股钢轨同时设计,也可针对单股钢轨进行设计,同时能够通过调整设计轮径差和预期接触分布满足不同的打磨需求.     

Nanoindentation response analysis of TiN-Cu coating deposited by magnetron sputtering

To investigate the change of the mechanical properties of soft metals doped PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)coatings after the migration of soft metal to the surface, TiN-Cu coating was deposited on Si(100) by magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and mechanical properties at room temperature and after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ were investigated. The results showed that the grains were clustered and the microstructure was porous for TiN-Cu coating at room temperature, while many micro-and nano-sized Cu particles were observed on the surface after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃. The elastic properties of the TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300℃ degraded compared with that at room temperature. The hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating kept constant(3.7 GPa and 125.0 GPa, respectively) with the increase of nano-indentation depth, while the hardness and elasticity modulus of TiN-Cu coating after vacuum heat treatment at 300 ℃ increased gradually.     

Effect of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The as-cast and heat-treated microstructures and mechanical properties of the AZ91 magnesium alloys with and without minor Sc addition were investigated and compared in this paper. The results indicated that adding0.15–0.45 wt% Sc to the as-cast AZ91 alloy not only could modify and refine the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase but also suppress the formation of the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. At the same time, the grains of the Sc-containing as-cast AZ91 alloys were also effectively refined. As a result, the mechanical properties at room temperature(RT) for the Sccontaining as-cast AZ91 alloys were effectively improved. In addition, adding 0.15–0.45 wt%Sc to the AZ91 alloy promoted the formation of the continuous precipitates(CP) during the aging treatment in spite of that the formation of the discontinuous precipitates(DP) was simultaneously suppressed. Accordingly, the Sc-containing as-aged AZ91 alloys obtained the relatively higher mechanical properties at RT than the as-aged AZ91 alloy.     

Effect of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength β titanium alloy thin sheets

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe high strength titanium alloy sheets prepared by unidirectional cold rolling and two-step cross cold rolling were investigated. Results showed that the β phase grains were refined significantly by cold rolling followed by solution treatment for a short time.Compared to unidirectional cold rolling, the short time solution treatment after two-step cross rolling could significantly reduce the non-uniformity of the microstructure of the alloy sheets. After aging treatment at 550 ℃,the anisotropy of the mechanical properties still existed in the unidirectional rolled sheets, and the tensile strength was highest along the rolling direction. After solution and aging treatment, the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the two-step cross rolling process sheet was not obvious than unidirectional cold rolling,and alloy had good strength and plasticity matching.     

Characteristic investigation of trilayered Cu/Al8011/Al1060 composite: Interface morphology,microstructure, and in-situ tensile deformation

In this work, Cu/Al8011/Al1060 trilayered composite with an ultrathin copper layer was fabricated successfully by the hybrid process of cast-rolling and hot-roll-bonding. The effects of heat treatment were investigated on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the composite. The results showed that annealing temperatures above 300 ​°C led to the formation of new intermetallic compounds that joined their initial counterparts. Also, the interface growth was fast above 340 ​°C. It was found that the annealing temperature of 320 ​°C led to the optimal tensile properties of the composite. Through rolling, hard-brittle IMCs imposed intense plastic strains on the surrounding regions, resulting in further grain refinement of both metals in the vicinity of the interface. Although the kernel average misorientation of the trilayered composite was almost identical with the Cu/Al8011 bimetal, its amount was considerably decreased after heat treatment, as the distorted structure changed into a nearly strain-free one using the restoration phenomenon. The SEM-based in-situ tensile test showed that crack initiation occurred within the IMCs and propagated into the Cu strip, leading to its early fracture. However, the strength-displacement curve during in-situ tensile deformation did not decrease significantly due to the ultrathin copper layer.     

Enhanced performance of nano-sized SiC reinforced Al metal matrix nanocomposites synthesized through microwave sintering and hot extrusion techniques

In the present study, nano-sized SiC (0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 vol%) reinforced aluminum (Al) metal matrix composites were fabricated by microwave sintering and hot extrusion techniques. The structural (XRD, SEM), mechanical (nanoindentation, compression, tensile) and thermal properties (co-efficient of thermal expansion- CTE) of the developed Al-SiC nanocomposites were studied. The SEM/EDS mapping images show a homogeneous distribution of SiC nanoparticles into the Al matrix. A significant increase in the strength (compressive and tensile) of the Al-SiC nanocomposites with the addition of SiC content is observed. However, it is noticed that the ductility of Al-SiC nanocomposites decreases with increasing volume fraction of SiC. The thermal analysis indicates that CTE of Al-SiC nanocomposites decreases with the progressive addition of hard SiC nanoparticles. Overall, hot extruded Al 1.5 vol% SiC nanocomposites exhibited the best mechanical and thermal performance as compared to the other developed Al-SiC nanocomposites.     

高速铁路隧道围岩纵向变形曲线研究

隧道开挖过程中开挖面具有空间约束效应,纵向变形曲线(LDP)是这一空间效应的直观反映.目前,采用数值拟合方法进行LDP的研究主要集中于拟合形式、影响因素等方面,且大多是基于圆形隧道展开,并未考虑断面形式造成的影响.为此,本文总结具有代表性的纵向变形曲线公式,对其适用范围及特点进行比较,研究VD公式在高速铁路隧道下的适用性.结果表明:利用高铁隧道断面进行数值计算时,隧道半径建议采用等效半径;最大塑性区半径建议统一采用拱顶位置塑性区半径;采用与圆形隧道下相同形式的公式可以取得良好的拟合效果,具体表现为隧道前方LDP公式一致,掌子面处变形释放系数公式和隧道后方LDP公式拟合参数不同但差别不大.     

基于图形的网络演化博弈的拓扑结构

对基于图形的网络演化博弈,首先求出典型结点策略演化方程,进而给出将结点方程组合成网络局势演化方程的方法。利用局势演化方程,将计算逻辑动态系统不动点与极限环的公式推广用于图形的网络演化博弈。然后,介绍某玩家单独更新的局势演化方程,并依此给出网络演化博弈纯纳什均衡点计算公式。     

Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets addition on mechanical properties of pure aluminum using a semi-powder method

In recent years, graphene has attracted considerable research interest in all fields of science due to its unique properties. Its excellent mechanical properties lead it to be used in nano-composites for strength enhancement. This paper reports an Aluminum–Graphene Nanoplatelets(Al/GNPs)composite using a semi-powder method followed by hot extrusion. The effect of GNP nano-particle integration on tensile, compressive and hardness response of Al is investigated in this paper. It is demonstrated that 0.3 wt% Graphene Nanoplatelets distributed homogeneously in the matrix aluminum act as an effective reinforcing filler to prevent deformation. Compared to monolithic aluminum(in tension), Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited higher 0.2% yield strength(+14.7%), ultimate tensile strength(+11.1%) and lower failure strain( -40.6%). Surprisingly, compared to monolithic Al(in compression), Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited same 0.2% compressive yield strength and lower ultimate compression strength(- 7.8%),and lower failure strain(- 20.2%). The Al–0.3 wt% GNPs composite exhibited higher Vickers hardness compared to monolithic aluminum(+11.8%).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to investigate the surface morphology, elemental percentage composition, and phase analysis, respectively.     

MWNTs/BBC复合纤维的制备及其力学性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)/细菌纤维素苯甲酸酯(BBC)复合纤维。利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重分析仪(TGA)及原子力显微镜(AFM)对复合纤维的形貌和性能进行了表征。结果表明:MWNTs的加入使BBC纤维变细;在280℃条件下对纤维进行热处理30 min,提高了MWNTs/BBC复合纤维的结晶度;对MWNTs含量为7‰的MWNTs/BBC纤维进行力学性能测试,得到单根MWNTs/BBC复合纤维的弹性模量达130 GPa。